Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that affects the prostate gland that is located between the penis and bladder. It secretes an antigen that helps the sperm maintain its liquid nature. It also helps transport sperm and nourishes it. It is the leading cause of cancer for men living in the country.

Catching the disease in its early stages can increase the chances of a successful treatment. Growth may be noticed in the prostate but it may not be cancerous. Proper screening techniques can help determine the nature of the tumor. It is extremely important to keep in mind the top risk factors for prostate cancer and get yourself screened, especially if you belong to any of the high-risk groups.

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
The symptoms of prostate cancer may not be too obvious in its earlier stages and getting yourself screened is advisable. The top risk factors for prostate cancer should be looked out for in men who are 50 years and above. The common diagnostic techniques include:

Prostate-specific antigen test
This procedure involves the extraction of blood and analyzing it for a prostate-specific antigen. This antigen is produced by the prostate gland, and it is normal to find it in the bloodstream. However, elevated levels of PSA may indicate prostate cancer.

Digital rectal exam
This involves a physical examination of your prostate. Any abnormalities in the size, shape, and texture of the gland may warrant further tests.

Prostate biopsy
In this process, a small sample of the prostate gland is extracted on which tests are performed. The tissue is collected by the means of a small needle.

Ultrasound technique
This involves the insertion of a probe into your rectum. This probe emits sound waves that are used to create an image of the prostate.

MRI scan
Magnetic resonance imaging technique can be used to create an image of the prostate gland to determine if it is affected by cancer.

Treatment for prostate cancer
The treatment for prostate cancer depends on the stage at which the disease is currently. Early-stage prostate cancer may require no treatment at all. The doctor recommends a treatment program based on the family history of the patient and their overall health.

Some of the common treatment procedures include:

• Surgery
  This treatment is considered if cancer is at an early stage. The entire prostate gland and parts of the tissues surrounding it may be removed surgically. Side-effects include difficulty in urinating and maintaining an erection. These might recede after a few days post-surgery.
• Proton beam therapy
  This is a specialized radiation treatment that is used to kill the cells affected by cancer.
• Radiation
  This treatment procedure is used to kill cancer cells after surgery. The procedure is completed with an external device that fires radiation rays or internal radioactive devices planted near the cancer spot to kill the cells.
• Chemotherapy
  This involves medicine taken orally or through an intravenous drip to kill the cells affected by cancer.

Prostate cancer is a serious disease that can be cured if detected in its earlier stages. One should consult a doctor immediately to get tested or screened for cancer if you notice any symptoms.